Nettet25. jun. 2015 · The Lebanon Waterpipe Dependence Scale-11 (LWDS-11), the first scale to characterize waterpipe dependence, was composed of four subscales, ... The overall findings suggest that waterpipe smokers exhibit many of the same features of nicotine dependency attributed to cigarette smokers. Expand. 43. PDF. View 2 excerpts; Save. Nettet6. sep. 2024 · The Lebanese Waterpipe Dependence Scale-11 (LWDS-11) was used to assess waterpipe dependence [32]. The LWDS-11 is composed of 11 items, measured …
Waterpipe dependence in university students and effect of …
Nettet24. apr. 2013 · AbstractIntroduction:. Waterpipe tobacco smoking involves self-administration of the dependence-producing drug nicotine. Few studies have examined if dependence NettetLebanese adolescents Souheil Hallit1,2,3*, Sahar Obeid2,4, Hala Sacre2 and Pascale Salameh2,5,6 Abstract Background: Salameh et al. developed the Lebanese Waterpipe Dependence Scale (LWDS-11) that assesses nicotine dependence among adult waterpipe smokers. In view of the high waterpipe use among Lebanese youth switch fc模拟器怎么用
(PDF) Lebanese Waterpipe Dependence Scale (LWDS-11) …
NettetWaterpipe Smoking: Construction and Validation of the Lebanon Waterpipe Dependence Scale (LWDS-11) Nicotine Tob Res. 2008 Jan;10(1):149-58. doi: … Nettet6. sep. 2024 · Background Salameh et al. developed the Lebanese Waterpipe Dependence Scale (LWDS-11) that assesses nicotine dependence among adult waterpipe smokers. In view of the high waterpipe use among Lebanese youth and other … Nettet21. okt. 2024 · Water pipe smoking was found to have a significant positive association with obesity ... TWP smoking history, practices including frequency and time spent, … switch fc模拟器英文